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Engineering & Architecture · Updated Aug 2026

Architects, Except Landscape and Naval

Plan and design structures, such as private residences, office buildings, theaters, factories, and other structural property.

JVS 2.0.0-phase4b
AI Exposure
68/100
High

How much of this occupation’s work can be materially affected by current AI systems.

Replacement Risk
57/100
Moderate

How likely exposure is to translate into reduced human demand.

Includes provisional estimates for AI adoption pressure and labour-market resilience. How this is measured

Evidence quality
Confidence82/100
Task coverage84%

Confidence reflects task coverage, mapping and capability-evidence quality, and how much of the score rests on provisional inputs.

Task-level evidence

What is driving the score?

Occupation scores are built from the task mix—not a single prediction about a job title.

JVS 2.0.0-phase4b
TaskImportanceAI impactExposure
Prepare scale drawings or architectural designs, using computer-aided design or other tools.High
72
Prepare information regarding design, structure specifications, materials, color, equipment, estimated costs, or construction time.High
72
Develop final construction plans that include aesthetic representations of the structure or details for its construction.High
73
Integrate engineering elements into unified architectural designs.High
74
Direct activities of technicians engaged in preparing drawings or specification documents.High
74
Plan or design structures such as residences, office buildings, theatres, factories, or other structural properties in accordance with environmental, safety, or other regulations.High
74
Consult with clients to determine functional or spatial requirements of structures.High
65
Create three-dimensional or interactive representations of designs, using computer-assisted design software.Medium
72
Meet with clients to review or discuss architectural drawings.High
70
Monitor the work of specialists, such as electrical engineers, mechanical engineers, interior designers, or sound specialists to ensure optimal form or function of designs or final structures.High
36
Conduct periodic on-site observations of construction work to monitor compliance with plans.High
40
Gather information related to projects' environmental sustainability or operational efficiency.Medium
74
Represent clients in obtaining bids or awarding construction contracts.Medium
72
Develop marketing materials, proposals, or presentations to generate new work opportunities.Medium
74
Design structures that incorporate environmentally friendly building practices or concepts, such as Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) standards.Medium
74
Design or plan construction of green building projects to minimize adverse environmental impact or conserve energy.Medium
73
Design environmentally sound structural upgrades to existing buildings, such as natural lighting systems, green roofs, or rainwater collection systems.Medium
73
Perform predesign services, such as feasibility or environmental impact studies.Medium
74
Calculate potential energy savings by comparing estimated energy consumption of proposed design to baseline standards.Low
72
Inspect proposed building sites to determine suitability for construction.Medium
57
Prepare operating and maintenance manuals, studies, or reports.Low
74
Most exposed

Where AI can do more

Routine, digitized, and highly repeatable tasks face the greatest pressure.

  1. Integrate engineering elements into unified architectural designs.74
  2. Direct activities of technicians engaged in preparing drawings or specification documents.74
  3. Plan or design structures such as residences, office buildings, theatres, factories, or other structural properties in accordance with environmental, safety, or other regulations.74
  4. Gather information related to projects' environmental sustainability or operational efficiency.74
Hardest to automate

Where people still matter

These tasks score lowest on automation feasibility—physical presence, judgement, accountability and real-world variability all resist end-to-end automation.

  1. Monitor the work of specialists, such as electrical engineers, mechanical engineers, interior designers, or sound specialists to ensure optimal form or function of designs or final structures.01
  2. Conduct periodic on-site observations of construction work to monitor compliance with plans.02
  3. Prepare scale drawings or architectural designs, using computer-aided design or other tools.03
  4. Prepare information regarding design, structure specifications, materials, color, equipment, estimated costs, or construction time.04
  5. Develop final construction plans that include aesthetic representations of the structure or details for its construction.05
Where else this work leads

Related occupations

Occupations O*NET links to this one. Relatedness reflects shared work, not a claim that these roles are safer.

See all rankings →
Beyond AI capability

Adoption and labour-market outlook

Structural factors are kept separate from raw capability so you can see what actually resists automation. Adoption pressure and labour-market resilience are still provisional models—25% of this occupation’s replacement-risk weight rests on them.

Human dependency72
Physical dependency34
Adoption pressure61
Labour-market resilience60
Methodology & sources

O*NET 30.3 occupational data interpreted through the JobsVsAI capability, automation and structural-constraint models.

Confidence82/100
CalculatedAug 21, 2026
Read methodology →