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Management & Leadership · Updated Aug 2026

General and Operations Managers

Plan, direct, or coordinate the operations of public or private sector organizations, overseeing multiple departments or locations. Duties and responsibilities include formulating policies, managing daily operations, and planning the use of materials and human resources, but are too diverse and general in nature to be classified in any one functional area of management or administration, such as personnel, purchasing, or administrative services. Usually manage through subordinate supervisors. Excludes First-Line Supervisors.

JVS 2.0.0-phase4b
AI Exposure
61/100
High

How much of this occupation’s work can be materially affected by current AI systems.

Replacement Risk
52/100
Moderate

How likely exposure is to translate into reduced human demand.

Includes provisional estimates for AI adoption pressure and labour-market resilience. How this is measured

Evidence quality
Confidence83/100
Task coverage88%

Confidence reflects task coverage, mapping and capability-evidence quality, and how much of the score rests on provisional inputs.

Task-level evidence

What is driving the score?

Occupation scores are built from the task mix—not a single prediction about a job title.

JVS 2.0.0-phase4b
TaskImportanceAI impactExposure
Direct and coordinate activities of businesses or departments concerned with the production, pricing, sales, or distribution of products.High
70
Direct administrative activities directly related to making products or providing services.High
72
Review financial statements, sales or activity reports, or other performance data to measure productivity or goal achievement or to identify areas needing cost reduction or program improvement.High
69
Plan or direct activities, such as sales promotions, that require coordination with other department managers.Medium
68
Perform sales floor work, such as greeting or assisting customers, stocking shelves, or taking inventory.Medium
56
Set prices or credit terms for goods or services, based on forecasts of customer demand.High
56
Direct non-merchandising departments of businesses, such as advertising or purchasing.Medium
72
Direct or coordinate financial or budget activities to fund operations, maximize investments, or increase efficiency.Medium
69
Perform personnel functions, such as selection, training, or evaluation.Medium
73
Establish or implement departmental policies, goals, objectives, or procedures in conjunction with board members, organization officials, or staff members.Medium
56
Develop or implement product-marketing strategies, including advertising campaigns or sales promotions.Medium
71
Implement or oversee environmental management or sustainability programs addressing issues such as recycling, conservation, or waste management.Medium
71
Manage the movement of goods into and out of production facilities to ensure efficiency, effectiveness, or sustainability of operations.High
23
Monitor suppliers to ensure that they efficiently and effectively provide needed goods or services within budgetary limits.Medium
37
Most exposed

Where AI can do more

Routine, digitized, and highly repeatable tasks face the greatest pressure.

  1. Perform personnel functions, such as selection, training, or evaluation.73
  2. Direct administrative activities directly related to making products or providing services.72
  3. Direct non-merchandising departments of businesses, such as advertising or purchasing.72
  4. Develop or implement product-marketing strategies, including advertising campaigns or sales promotions.71
Hardest to automate

Where people still matter

These tasks score lowest on automation feasibility—physical presence, judgement, accountability and real-world variability all resist end-to-end automation.

  1. Manage the movement of goods into and out of production facilities to ensure efficiency, effectiveness, or sustainability of operations.01
  2. Monitor suppliers to ensure that they efficiently and effectively provide needed goods or services within budgetary limits.02
  3. Direct and coordinate activities of businesses or departments concerned with the production, pricing, sales, or distribution of products.03
  4. Direct administrative activities directly related to making products or providing services.04
  5. Review financial statements, sales or activity reports, or other performance data to measure productivity or goal achievement or to identify areas needing cost reduction or program improvement.05
Where else this work leads

Related occupations

Occupations O*NET links to this one. Relatedness reflects shared work, not a claim that these roles are safer.

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Beyond AI capability

Adoption and labour-market outlook

Structural factors are kept separate from raw capability so you can see what actually resists automation. Adoption pressure and labour-market resilience are still provisional models—25% of this occupation’s replacement-risk weight rests on them.

Human dependency75
Physical dependency37
Adoption pressure62
Labour-market resilience64
Methodology & sources

O*NET 30.3 occupational data interpreted through the JobsVsAI capability, automation and structural-constraint models.

Confidence83/100
CalculatedAug 21, 2026
Read methodology →