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Installation & Repair · Updated Aug 2026

Maintenance and Repair Workers, General

Perform work involving the skills of two or more maintenance or craft occupations to keep machines, mechanical equipment, or the structure of a building in repair. Duties may involve pipe fitting; HVAC maintenance; insulating; welding; machining; carpentry; repairing electrical or mechanical equipment; installing, aligning, and balancing new equipment; and repairing buildings, floors, or stairs.

JVS 2.0.0-phase4b
AI Exposure
39/100
Low

How much of this occupation’s work can be materially affected by current AI systems.

Replacement Risk
38/100
Low

How likely exposure is to translate into reduced human demand.

Includes provisional estimates for AI adoption pressure and labour-market resilience. How this is measured

Evidence quality
Confidence81/100
Task coverage85%

Confidence reflects task coverage, mapping and capability-evidence quality, and how much of the score rests on provisional inputs.

Task-level evidence

What is driving the score?

Occupation scores are built from the task mix—not a single prediction about a job title.

JVS 2.0.0-phase4b
TaskImportanceAI impactExposure
Adjust functional parts of devices or control instruments, using hand tools, levels, plumb bobs, or straightedges.Medium
65
Order parts, supplies, or equipment from catalogs or suppliers.Medium
65
Inspect, operate, or test machinery or equipment to diagnose machine malfunctions.High
55
Provide groundskeeping services, such as landscaping or snow removal.Medium
68
Repair machines, equipment, or structures, using tools such as hammers, hoists, saws, drills, wrenches, or equipment such as precision measuring instruments or electrical or electronic testing devices.Medium
32
Diagnose mechanical problems and determine how to correct them, checking blueprints, repair manuals, or parts catalogs, as necessary.Medium
40
Perform routine maintenance, such as inspecting drives, motors, or belts, checking fluid levels, replacing filters, or doing other preventive maintenance actions.High
27
Plan and lay out repair work, using diagrams, drawings, blueprints, maintenance manuals, or schematic diagrams.Medium
46
Estimate costs to repair machinery, equipment, or building structures.Medium
43
Maintain or repair specialized equipment or machinery located in cafeterias, laundries, hospitals, stores, offices, or factories.Medium
39
Inspect used parts to determine changes in dimensional requirements, using rules, calipers, micrometers, or other measuring instruments.Medium
49
Design new equipment to aid in the repair or maintenance of machines, mechanical equipment, or building structures.Medium
39
Dismantle machines, equipment, or devices to access and remove defective parts, using hoists, cranes, hand tools, or power tools.Medium
34
Set up and operate machine tools to repair or fabricate machine parts, jigs, fixtures, or tools.Medium
34
Position, attach, or blow insulating materials to prevent energy losses from buildings, pipes, or other structures or objects.Medium
67
Clean or lubricate shafts, bearings, gears, or other parts of machinery.Medium
23
Assemble, install, or repair wiring, electrical or electronic components, pipe systems, plumbing, machinery, or equipment.Medium
19
Operate cutting torches or welding equipment to cut or join metal parts.Medium
19
Perform routine maintenance on boilers, such as replacing burners or hoses, installing replacement parts, or reinforcing structural weaknesses to ensure optimal boiler efficiency.Medium
16
Assemble boilers at installation sites, using tools such as levels, plumb bobs, hammers, torches, or other hand tools.Medium
20
Install equipment to improve the energy or operational efficiency of residential or commercial buildings.Medium
22
Paint or repair roofs, windows, doors, floors, woodwork, plaster, drywall, or other parts of building structures.Medium
16
Fabricate or repair counters, benches, partitions, or other wooden structures, such as sheds or outbuildings.Medium
16
Most exposed

Where AI can do more

Routine, digitized, and highly repeatable tasks face the greatest pressure.

  1. Provide groundskeeping services, such as landscaping or snow removal.68
  2. Position, attach, or blow insulating materials to prevent energy losses from buildings, pipes, or other structures or objects.67
  3. Adjust functional parts of devices or control instruments, using hand tools, levels, plumb bobs, or straightedges.65
  4. Order parts, supplies, or equipment from catalogs or suppliers.65
Hardest to automate

Where people still matter

These tasks score lowest on automation feasibility—physical presence, judgement, accountability and real-world variability all resist end-to-end automation.

  1. Operate cutting torches or welding equipment to cut or join metal parts.01
  2. Perform routine maintenance on boilers, such as replacing burners or hoses, installing replacement parts, or reinforcing structural weaknesses to ensure optimal boiler efficiency.02
  3. Assemble, install, or repair wiring, electrical or electronic components, pipe systems, plumbing, machinery, or equipment.03
  4. Paint or repair roofs, windows, doors, floors, woodwork, plaster, drywall, or other parts of building structures.04
  5. Fabricate or repair counters, benches, partitions, or other wooden structures, such as sheds or outbuildings.05
Where else this work leads

Related occupations

Occupations O*NET links to this one. Relatedness reflects shared work, not a claim that these roles are safer.

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Beyond AI capability

Adoption and labour-market outlook

Structural factors are kept separate from raw capability so you can see what actually resists automation. Adoption pressure and labour-market resilience are still provisional models—25% of this occupation’s replacement-risk weight rests on them.

Human dependency79
Physical dependency57
Adoption pressure53
Labour-market resilience74
Methodology & sources

O*NET 30.3 occupational data interpreted through the JobsVsAI capability, automation and structural-constraint models.

Confidence81/100
CalculatedAug 21, 2026
Read methodology →