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Business & Finance · Updated Aug 2026

Tax Preparers

Prepare tax returns for individuals or small businesses.

JVS 2.0.0-phase4b
AI Exposure
66/100
High

How much of this occupation’s work can be materially affected by current AI systems.

Replacement Risk
63/100
High

How likely exposure is to translate into reduced human demand.

Includes provisional estimates for AI adoption pressure and labour-market resilience. How this is measured

Evidence quality
Confidence83/100
Task coverage87%

Confidence reflects task coverage, mapping and capability-evidence quality, and how much of the score rests on provisional inputs.

Task-level evidence

What is driving the score?

Occupation scores are built from the task mix—not a single prediction about a job title.

JVS 2.0.0-phase4b
TaskImportanceAI impactExposure
Compute taxes owed or overpaid, using adding machines or personal computers, and complete entries on forms, following tax form instructions and tax tables.High
69
Prepare or assist in preparing simple to complex tax returns for individuals or small businesses.High
75
Furnish taxpayers with sufficient information and advice to ensure correct tax form completion.High
75
Review financial records, such as income statements and documentation of expenditures to determine forms needed to prepare tax returns.High
73
Use all appropriate adjustments, deductions, and credits to keep clients' taxes to a minimum.High
59
Explain federal and state tax laws to individuals and companies.High
75
Calculate form preparation fees according to return complexity and processing time required.High
74
Interview clients to obtain additional information on taxable income and deductible expenses and allowances.High
54
Consult tax law handbooks or bulletins to determine procedures for preparation of atypical returns.High
73
Check data input or verify totals on forms prepared by others to detect errors in arithmetic, data entry, or procedures.High
33
Most exposed

Where AI can do more

Routine, digitized, and highly repeatable tasks face the greatest pressure.

  1. Prepare or assist in preparing simple to complex tax returns for individuals or small businesses.75
  2. Furnish taxpayers with sufficient information and advice to ensure correct tax form completion.75
  3. Explain federal and state tax laws to individuals and companies.75
  4. Calculate form preparation fees according to return complexity and processing time required.74
Hardest to automate

Where people still matter

These tasks score lowest on automation feasibility—physical presence, judgement, accountability and real-world variability all resist end-to-end automation.

  1. Check data input or verify totals on forms prepared by others to detect errors in arithmetic, data entry, or procedures.01
  2. Compute taxes owed or overpaid, using adding machines or personal computers, and complete entries on forms, following tax form instructions and tax tables.02
  3. Prepare or assist in preparing simple to complex tax returns for individuals or small businesses.03
  4. Furnish taxpayers with sufficient information and advice to ensure correct tax form completion.04
  5. Review financial records, such as income statements and documentation of expenditures to determine forms needed to prepare tax returns.05
Where else this work leads

Related occupations

Occupations O*NET links to this one. Relatedness reflects shared work, not a claim that these roles are safer.

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Beyond AI capability

Adoption and labour-market outlook

Structural factors are kept separate from raw capability so you can see what actually resists automation. Adoption pressure and labour-market resilience are still provisional models—25% of this occupation’s replacement-risk weight rests on them.

Human dependency63
Physical dependency18
Adoption pressure70
Labour-market resilience49
Methodology & sources

O*NET 30.3 occupational data interpreted through the JobsVsAI capability, automation and structural-constraint models.

Confidence83/100
CalculatedAug 21, 2026
Read methodology →